Pharmaceutical analysis -Limit test

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          ✯Limit test✯

• Limit test for heavy metal can be performed by following methods—

(1.) Method A-; 

• This method use for the substance which gives clear colourless solution under specific conditions.

Principle-;

• Limit test of heavy metal is based on the reaction of metallic impurities with hydrogen sulphide in acidic medium to form heavy metal sulphide which is brownish colour solution.
• Metals that response to this test are lead , mercury, silver , bismuth , tin, cadmium, copper and molybdenum.

Procedure-;

• Preparation of test sample and standard sample.

Observation-;

• The colour produce in sample solution should not be greater than standard solution of colour produced in sample is less than the standard sample solution pass the limit test for heavy metal.

2. Method B -;

• Use for the substance which do not give clear colourless solution under specific condition.

Procedure-;


Now in both Nesslar cylinder add 10 ml freshly prepared H2S and stand for 5 mint and observe both sample over white surface.

Observation-;

Same as method A

3. Method C -;

• Use for those substance which gives clear colourless solution in NaOH solution.

Procedure-;


Observation-;

Same as method A.

4. Method D -; 

• Use for those substance which do not give clear colour solution in NaOH solution.

Procedure-;



Observation-; 

Same as method A

 Limit test for chloride-;

Procedure-;


Observation-; 

Same as heavy metal method A

Reason-;

• Amount of chloride present in test sample react with AgNo3 in the presence of HNO3 and produce turbidity of silver chloride if the turbidity of test sample > standard, solution fail the limit test and via- versa.

Limit test for sulphate-;

Procedure;



Observation-;

Same as previous method A

Reason-;

• Barium chloride of barium sulphate reagent react with soluble sulphate in the presence of dilute HCl & form BaSO4 which is white solid particles & create turbidity.

Limit test for Iron-;

Procedure-; 



Observation-;

Same as method A

                            Thankyou

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