B.pharm 2nd semester- pathophysiology- Inflammation

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            -  Inflammation - 

Introduction;

• its immune system response to harmful stimuli such as pathogens , damaged cells toxic compound or irradiation and acts by removing injurious stimuli initiating the healing process .
•  It's defense mechanism for body.

                        Or

Inflammation infection from outside invaders such as bacteria and viruss.

Two type of inflammation;

1. Acute inflammation
2. Chronic inflammation

 1.Acute inflammation;

• the acute inflammation have injury or illness .
• there are 5 key sign of acute inflammation.

1. Pain; this may occurs only when a person touch the affected area .

2. Redness; increase in blood supply to the capillaries in the area .

3. Loss of function; there may be difficulty in moving to joints sensing smell.

4.Edema; If fluid accumulated in area edema caused.

5.Heat; Increased blood flow to affected area leads to ↑↑ temperature & warm to touch.

• person feel tired , unwell & fever.

• Acute inflammation lost in a few days.

Causes of Acute inflammation;

• Inflammation happens when a physical factor triggers an immune system.

It's results from-

1. Exposure to a substance- duct & bee sting.
2. Injury 
3.  An infection

2 Chronic inflammation;

• It's also referred to as slow long term inflammation.

Common symptoms;

1.Fatigue; Extreme tiredness affect physical, mental health.
2.Fever; An abnormal high body temperature , Accompained by shivering, headache.
3.Mouth sores; one or more painful sores on inner lips gums , tongue , roof of mouth & throat.
4 .Rashes; redness & spots on affected area.
5.Abdominal pain;  It can be crampy , achey , dull also called stomachache.
6. Chest pain; Abnormal pain or discomfort in the chest .
• It treated can take several mouth.

Causes of chronic inflammation;

• Infection and injury.
• An autoimmune disorder
• Long time exposure to irritant such as industrial chemical or polluted air.

Some other causes are 

1. Smoking
2. Obesity
3. Alcohol
4. Chronic stress

Types of inflammation on the basis of organ;

a. Dermatitis
b. Nephritis
c. Conjunctivitis
d. Arthritis
e. Hepatitis

Mechanism of inflammation;

1. Migration ( vasodilation)
2. Rolling & adhesion 
3. Emigration
4. Chemotaxis
5. Degradation
6. Inflammation


Thankyou

 








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