B.pharm - Lipid metabolism notes

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             {Lipid Metabolism}

CAT-1st—Carnitine acyl transferase-1st

CPT-1st — carnitine palmitoyl transferase -1st

Introduction- 

• A flavoprotein containing acyl CoA dehydrogenase removes two hydrogen atoms from the alpha and ẞ - position of the fattyacyl CoA and convert it to alpha , ß unsaturated fatty acyl CoA also called enoyl CoA.

SIDS- "Sudden Infant Death Syndrome" also called as Reye's syndrome.

• A saturated fatty acid , such as palmitic acid
( C15H31COOH).
• When a molecule of palmitic acid is completely oxidised 129 ATP are produced.

Regulation of fatty acid oxidation:

•fatty acid oxidation regulated by hormone sensitive lipase .

Metabolic effects of acetyl coenzyme;

•Acetyl coenzyme is used in the krebs cycle.
•Acetyl coenzyme is also a precursor of cholesterol.
•it is also used in the synthesis of ketone bodies in the liver.

Formation and utilisation of ketone bodies;

•In a normal human being their concentration is less than 3 mg /100ml of blood.
•High fat diet fasting and glucagon decrease synthesis of fatty acid synthase .

Metabolism of cholesterol;

Synthesis of vitamin D;

•Sunlight convert 7 dehydrocholesterol to vitamin D( sunshine vitamin, in the skin).
• Bile acid synthesis occurs in liver cell.
•The main function of bile acid is to allow digestion of dietary fats.

Disorder of lipid metabolism;

1.Hypercholesterolemia;

• It is also called dyslipidemia.
• It is the presence of high level of cholesterol in the blood.
• it is a form of hyperlipidemia and hyperlipoproteinemia.
• it is transported in the blood plasma.

2. Atherosclerosis

• Atherosclerosis also known as arteriosclerotic and vascular disease or ASVD .
• it is caused by the formation of multiple atheromatous plaque within the arteries which narrow is the blood vessels and serves as the site of thrombus formations.

Obesity; obesity is characterized by a body mass  index (BMI ,i.e. weight in kg/ height in m²) of 30kg/m².

3. Genetic factor;

• The most important factor is a ob gene.
• A protein product of this gene is referred to as leptin.
• when is therefore advised to remember and follow the ABC of good health.
(i.e , Aim for fitness ,Build a healthy base and, Chooses sensibly as per food guide pyramid).

                    Thankyou













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