Semester- 2nd || Pathophysiology || Inflammation

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Inflammation -; 

★ It is immune system response to harmful stimuli .

Such as - pathogens, damaged cells , toxic compounds, or irradiation and acts by removing injurious stimuli & initiating the healing process.

★ It is defense mechanism for body.
★  Inflammation infection from outside invaders such as bacteria & viruses.

Two types of inflammation— 

A. Acute

 B. Chronic

Acute Inflammation-; 

★ The acute inflammation have injury or illness.
★  There are five key sign of acute inflammation.

1. Pain -;

★ This may occur only when a person touch the affected area .

2. Redness-;

★ An increase in blood supply to the cappilaries in the area.

3. Loss of function-;

★ There may be difficulty in moving to joints, sensing smell.

4. Edema -; 

★ If fluid accumulated in area edema caused.

5. Heat -; 

★ Increased blood flow to affected area leads to increased temperature & warm to touch.
◍ person feel tired , unwell and fever.
◍ Acute inflammation lost in a few days.

Causes of acute inflammation—

★ Inflammation happen when a physical factor triggers an immune system.

It's results from-; 

1. Exposure to a substance- dust & bee sting

2. Injury 

3. An infection

B. Chronic inflammation-; 

★ It's also referred to as slow long term inflammation.

Common symptoms-;

1. Fatigue - Extreme tiredness affect physical, mental health.

2. Fever- An abnormal high body temperature, accompanied by shivering, headach.

3. Mouth sores- One or more painful sores on inner lips gums , tongue , roof of mouth & throat .

4. Rashes - Redness & spots on affected area .

5. Abdominal pain - It can be crampy ,achy dull also called stomachs.

6. Chest pain - Abnormal pain or discomfort in the chest .
★ It treated can take several mouths.

Causes of chronic inflammation—

- Infection and injury
- An autoimmune disorder
- long time exposure to irritant such as industrial chemicalor polluted air.

Some other causes are — 

• Smoking
• obesity
• alcohol
• chronic stress

Type of inflammation on the basis of organs— 

1. Dermatitis 
2. Nephritis
3. Conjunctivitis
4. Arthritis
5. Hepatitis

Mechanism of inflammation—

1. Migration of inflammation -; This is the 1st step of inflammation.
★ Foreign particles enter inside the cells.

2. Rolling & adhesion
3. Emigration

4. Chemotaxis-; Movement of neutrophils or basophils in response to stimulus & release chemical against foreign particles.
★ In this step neutrophils release histamine, prostaglandin in response to particles.

5. Degradation
6. Inflammation






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