Unit-1st
(Introduction, classification, history of microbiology)
Microbiology= Micro + bio + logy
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Small. Living. Science
Father of microbiology= Louis' Pasteur
Introduction;
* Microbiology is a branch of science deal with structure, function ,classes and economics importance of microorganism.
* Simply microorganism is the study of microorganism which are the living organism of microscope size.
Micro-organisms;
* Microorganism cannot be seen by naked eye (less than 1mm in diameter) can only seen by the help of microscope.
Types of micro-organisms;
1. Viruses.
2. Bacteria
3. Fungi.
4. Algae.
5. Protozoa.
* Microbiology is the study of viruses ,bacteria, fungi ,algae ,protozoa their structure ,physiology function ,classes ,economic importance etc.
Branches of microbiology;
1.Pure microbiology branche;
(a.) Virology; study of viruses.
(b.) Bacteriology; study of bacteria.
(c.) Mycology; study of fungi.
(d.) Phycology; study of algae.
(e.) Parasitology; study of microscopical and other parasitester.
(f.) Immunology; Study of immune system and development of immunity by the relationship with microbes.
(g.) Nematology; study of nematodes( round worms).
(h.) Protozoalogy; study of protozoa.
2. Applied microbiology branches;
(a.) Medical microbiology- Study related to the microbes that causes disease their diagnostic and preventive measure , drug designing etc.
(b.) Food and dairy microbiology- Study of food preservation preparation ,information about the microbes causing found spoilage ,food borne, illness food and dairy product developed by microbes and fermentation.
(c.) Agriculture microbiology- Study of relationship of microbes and crops soil, nutrients waste, plant disease yield improvement etc.
(d.) Industrial microbiology- Study of industrial usefull microbes in production of alcoholic beverage vitamins, chemical, protein ,hormone ,antibiotics etc.
(e.) Pharmaceutical microbiology- Study of microorganism responsible for the production of pharmaceutical product and their preservation, sterilization etc . like antibiotic, vaccine ,vitamins ,enzyme etc.
(f.) Aquatic microbiology- Study of water purification ,microbial examination ,ecology degradation of waste etc.
(g.) Exomicrobiology- Exploration of life in outer space.
(h.) Environmental microbiology- study of relations in microbes and our environmental include microbial ecology , geochemical microbiology (interaction of microbes with earth material) ,bioremediation degradation of environment polluents etc.
importance of microbiology-
As follows;
(1.) Ecology and environment; microbes are primary decomposer and recycle nutrients back to environment, they involve in natural biochemical cycle of sulphur, carbon, nitrogen etc.
they are also used to clean up the biological best and toxic substance by the process of bioremediation e.g. petroleum waste are removed by preudononas puria.
(2.) In agriculture; In involve infhence of microbes on agriculture soil quality ,prevention of plant disease and production enhancement of crops, DNA technology production of nermons , enzyme etc.
(3.) In food industry; Involves prevention of spoilage of food and food borne diseases and microbial usefulness to produce bread ,calves, pickles, dairy product like yoghurt, butter etc.
(4.) In immunology- Protection of humans , animals,plants from pathogens.
(5.) In pharmaceutical industry; Production of medicine, antibiotics,steroids , vitamins, vaccines, amino acids etc.
(6.) In medical field; prevention of disease & betters living for animals , humans.
(7.) In beverage Industry; Medical involvement are in production of beer, wine , whiskey,brandy, rum , vodka other soft drinks & milk based beverage.
(8.) In Industry; Other than pharmaceutical food, and beverage other industries like textile , detergents,fuel production, metal industry etc also benefited by the microbes.
(9.) Geochemical microbiology; Microbes helps in study of coal , mineral , deposits, gas formation,ores processing etc.
Scopes of microbiology;
(1.) Ecology & environmental application.
(2.) Biochemistry & genetic engineering.
(3.) Vaccines and immunology.
(4.) Agriculture fields.
(5.) Medical and. Pharmaceutical microbiology.
(6.) Food microbiology beverage.
(7.) Dairy industry.
(8.) In industries.
(9.) Geochemical application.
(10.) Exomicrobiology.
Thankyou
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