Human anatomy and physiology-1 unit- 3rd body fluid & lymphatic system
Unit-3rd
Body fluid & lymphatic system;
Body fluid;
* Animal body is consist of large amount of water , about 60-70 % water is present in human body of it's total weight.
* These liquid are viscus , colloidal, and contain large amount of Nutritional material so, It's also called body fluid.
* Body fluid can be divided into two main categories;
(a.) Intracellular fluid—( 67%)
* The Fluid which is present inside the cell in the form cytoplasm, neucleoplasm , stroma and matrix is called intracellular fluid.
(b) Extracellular fluid —(33%)
* The body the body fluid which is present outside the cell is called extracellular fluid.
The extracellular fluid scan further divides into following types;
(1.) Interstitial fluid [26%]
* The fluid which is present between the interstitial space of the cell junction.
(2.) Intravascular Fluid [7%]
* The fluid which flows inside the vessels , such as blood and lymph.
(3.) Ceribro spinal Fluid (CSF) [1%]
* The fluid which is present the inside of the ventricle of brain.
✪Blood✪
✷ Blood is the fluid connective tissue which is circulated in human body .
✷ the colour of blood is red due to presence of heam pigment , the volume is about 5-6 ltr in a healthy adult person and it's haviour than water.
✷ The pH of blood is about 7.2- 7.4 and it is slightly alkaline .
Function of blood;
* It is basically perform 3 function.
(a.) Transportation✧ Blood transport the Oxygen ,nutrients and medicines or drugs into different organ.
(b.) Regulation✧ Blood act as buffer and its regulate the pH of all organs and it also regulate the body temperature.
(C.) Protection✧ Blood contains WBC and platelets , WBC maintain the immune system of our body and protect our body with disease.
✷ Platelets help in controlling blood loss by clotting.
✷Composition of blood✷
✷ Blood is contain to blood plasma (55%) and blood cells (45%) .
☆ Blood plasma is contain neutrients (10%) and water (90%).
☆ Neutrients is contain solid (mineral salt) liquid ( protein— such as; Elastin , Fibrinogen, albulin and globuline)and gas (oxygen, carbon dioxide).
✯ Blood cells is contain RBC ( red blood cells or erthrocytes) , WBC ( white blood cells or leucocytes) And platelets ( thermocytes).
(1.) RBCs (red blood cells or erthrocytes);
* It's contain heam(Fe, pigment) and globuline protein.
(2.) WBCs( White blood cells or leucocytes);
* It's combination of granulocytes ( acidophyll , basophyll and neutrophyll ) and agranulocytes ( lymphocytes and monocytes).
(3.) Platelets ( thermocytes);
✿Hemostasis✿
☆ the Term hemostasis mean to stop the flow of blood from wounds and injury.
☆ in the mechanism of new status involve following three steps ;
(a.) Vascular spasm.
(b.) Platelet plug formation
1. Platelets adhesion
2. Plate releaserson
3. Platelet aggregation
(c.) Blood clotting.
✿Vascular spasm✿
☆ In this step the blood vessels and blood cells constrict and the stop to blood loss . and this constriction is called by the chemical released from activated factor platelects.
✷ Platelets plug formation✷
☆ The platelets are aggrigate and form a platlets plug by following steps;
(a.) Platelet adhesion; platelets are adhere are sticked to affected blood cells, blood vessels.
(b.) Platelets release reaction; New some chemical started to release certain chemical such as- ADP , throbosomes and cerotonin.
(c.) Platelet aggregation; Due to sticky nature the platelets are aggregate and make a large mass.
✷Blood clotting✷
☆ At the injury place the fabrinogen is convert into fibrin protein which form a layer on the injury and stop the flow of blood , is called blood clotting.
☆ For blood clotting factor 1 to 12th and Ca++ is required.
✿Mechanism of blood clotting✿
In short;
Blood vessels injured
↓
Platlets plug formation
↓
Thermboplastin
↓
Prothrombin Ase ( enzyme)
↓
Prothrombin. → thrombin
↓
Fibrinogen
↓
Fibrin →fibrin fibers aggregate→ blood clot
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