B. Pharm 1st semester HAP notes - 1st Unit

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                  / Unit 1st -HAP-1 /

Introduction of human body-

Definition- 

        Human body, the physical substance of the human organism , composed of living cells and extracellular material and organized into tissue ,organ , and system.
          Human anatomy and physiology are treated many different article. for detailed discussion of specific tissues , organs and system see;  human blood ; cardiovascular system, digestive system, human endocrine system, renal system ,skin human muscle system, nervous system, reproductive system ,refinery action sensory reception skeletal system description of low the body develop from conception through old.

          Bodies biochemical constituent protein, carbohydrate, liquid ,nucleic acid ,vitamin and hormone. for information on the structure and function of the cell that constitutes the body.
        the human animal has a bilaterally symmetrical  body that is characterized at some point during a development by a dorsal- supporting rod gill slit the region are pharynx and a hollow dorsal nerve cord. of these features ,  the first two are present only during the embryonic stage in the human; the notochord is replaced by the vertebral column ,and pharyngeal gill Slit are lost completely the dorsal nerve cord in the spinal cord in human in it remains the throughout Life.

Chemical composition of the body-

Chemically, the human consists maily of water and of organic compounds- lipid, protein, Carbohydrate and Nucleic acid water is the extracellular fluid of the body.( The blood plasma, the lymph, and the interstitial fluid) and within the cells themselves.

Lipid-

Fats, phospholipid and steroids —are major structural components of the human body. Fats provide an energy reserve for the body , and fats pads also serve as insulation ans shock absorber. Phospholipid and steroid compound cholesterol are major components of membrane that surround each cells.m

Protein-

Protein also serve as a major structural components of the body . Like lipids , protein are an important constituent of the cell membrane.In addition , such extracellular material as hair and nails are composed of protein.
So also is collagen , the fibrous , elastic material that make up much of the body skin , bone  , tendon , and ligaments . Protein also perform numerous functional role in the body.

Carbohydrates-

Carbohydrates are present in the human body largely as fuels, either as simple sugars circulating through the bloodstream or as glycogen , a storage compound found in the liver and the muscle .

Nucleic acid-

Nucleic acid make up the genetic material of the body . Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) carries the body heredity master code , the instructions according to which each cell operates . It's DNA passed from parents to offspring, that dictates the inherited characteristic of each individual human.





     
           

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