B.pharma 1st semester unit- 1st topic - Cell

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B.pharma 1st semester Notes pharmaceutical analysis unit - 4th- Redox Titrations

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          //  Redox Titrations \\ • A Redox titration is a type of titration in which titrant and titrand react through and oxidation reduction reaction. • The end point of a Redox titration is detected by using indicators. Principles of Redox titration; Reduction—  • The subtances  can undergo reduction by followin. • The addition of hydrogen. •The removal of oxygen. • The acceptance of electrons. Example- fe³+→fe ²+  Oxidation— • Addition of oxygen. • Removal of hydrogen. • Loss/ donation of electrons. Example- fe²+ → fe³+ Oxidising agents;  •An oxidising agent is a chemical species that causes that other reactant in a redox reaction to be oxidized, and it is always reduced in the process. Example- Ag + , O², O³
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B.pharm 2nd semester topic- Nucleic acid

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                - Nucleic acid • Nucleic acid is an important class of macromolecules found in all cells and viruses.  The function of Nucleic acid -"the storage and expression of genetic information". Nucleic acid is information carrying- molecules of the cell, Nucleic acid, naturally Occurring- chemical compound. • that is capable of being broken down to yield  phosphoric acid sugar and a mixture of organic bases (purine and pyrimidine). The two main classes of nucleic acid; 1. DNA( Deoxyribonucleic acid) 2. RNA( Ribonucleic acid    Basic structure; • Nucleic acid a polynucleotide that is long chain like molecule composed of a series of nearly identical building blocks called nucleotide. • nucleotide consists of pentose (5 carbon) sugar phosphate group possible nitrogen containing bases adenine, guanine ,cytosine,  thymine and Uracil. •Adenine and guanine are categorised are purines •Cytosine thymine and uracil are colle...
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